【英语中国】中国亿万富豪中谁的财富缩水了？

Being rich one year doesn't guarantee the same fortune the next.

An economic slowdown in China that has hit some industries and firms harder than others, along with personal misfortunes, have left a minority of the country's richest people less well-off this year: According to data from Hurun Research Institute's annual ranking of wealthy Chinese, some 252 on its richest 1,000 list saw their wealth shrink.

Misfortunes amongst the rich shouldn't come as a surprise after equity in general has had a bad year in China; the Shanghai Composite Index is down 1.2% since the start of the year. In fact, the majority of China's 315 people who have north of $1 billion got poorer.

Hong Kong's Hang Seng and Nasdaq have gained 1.2% and 26.0%, respectively, year to date.

The Chinese billionaire whose wealth suffered the most was 56-year old Gao Yanming, chairman of Hebei Ocean Shipping Co. Ltd. His wealth declined by 46% to $1.3 billion, ranking him No. 189 on the list, down from No. 26 last year.

The billionaire whose wealth suffered second most was 53-year old Li Congyin of men's clothing manufacturer and retailer Jiumuwang (China) Co. Ltd. His assets fell by 44% to $2.99 billion, placing him as No. 299, down from No. 82 last year.

Making one's wealth in the retail industry hurt a number of other Chinese billionaires, including Zhou Chengjian of casualwear firm Metersbonwe Group, Gao Dekang of apparel company Bosideng International Holdings, Xu Yu & Li Shanhu of retailer Trendy International Group and Sheng Beijiao of women's footwear retailer Belle International Holdings Ltd.1880.HK +0.18% Their net wealth declined by 41%, 11%, 7% and 1%, respectively.

Online shopping, slower economic growth and more distinguishing Chinese consumer have slowed sales at some retailers. Apparel had a bad year, the second one in a row, with the richest 30 Chinese in the business seeing their fortunes drop by 16%, the report said. Mr. Zhou's decline in wealth adds to a 36% drop last year, also on the back of poor performance at Metersbonwe, it said.

Still, some billionaires in the industry beat the odds, including Ma Jianrong of Shenzhou International, China's No. 59 richest. Shenzhou manufactures knitwear for customers like Uniqlo, Nike and Adidas.

Three Chinese billionaires who got knocked off the top-10-richest list saw their wealth decline: Liang Wen'gen of construction-equipment maker Sany Heavy Industry was the fifth-richest last year, but only No. 15 this year. His wealth fell by 19%, marking a decline for the second year, as performance suffered at his two publicly traded companies under Sany. Mr. Liang was China's richest man in 2011.

Wu Yajun of investment holding company Longfor Properties, who was No. 8 richest last year, saw her wealth fall by 23%, putting her as No. 22 on this year's list. Ms. Wu divorced her husband Cai Kui in a $3 billion settlement, the most expensive ever, according to the report. The divorce bumped Ms. Wu off the top 10 list and catapulted her husband into the top 50, it said.

Finally, Liu Yongxing of alumina refinery East Hope Group, who has been on the top 10 list since 2008, was bumped to No. 12 after his wealth declined by 15% to $6 billion. Mr. Liu was No. 6 last year and No. 1 in 2001.

One consolation for China's richest is that a fall in ranking this year didn't necessarily mean a fall in wealth. That's because the competition to make China's richest 1,000 list got fiercer: Contenders had to have at least $325 million in assets, a record high, to be part of the list this year.

This wasn't the case last year, when you could have had $290 million to make the richest list, down from $320 in 2011.

Zong Qinghou of beverage maker Hangzhou Wahaha Group is now China's second richest man, ceding the No. 1 spot to Wang Jianlin of property conglomerate Dalian Wanda Group. But 68-year-old Mr. Zong's wealth still swelled by 48% to $18.7 billion, an amount far out of reach for even the poorest of China's richest.

今年成为富人不代表明年还会有这个实力。

由于中国经济增长放缓使一些行业和企业受到了相对较大的冲击，加之个人运气不佳，今年少数中国最富有的人没那么富裕了，据胡润研究院(Hurun Research Institute)发布的年度中国百富榜的数据显示，近1,000名上榜富豪中有252人的财富缩水。

Agence France-Presse/Getty Images娃哈哈集团董事长宗庆后现在是中国第二富有的人，大连万达集团董事长王健林取代他成为中国首富。在中国股市整体经历了一年的不佳表现后，富人运气不佳应该不会令人感到意外。上证综合指数年初迄今累计下跌1.2%。实际上，中国315位资产超过10亿美元的富人中多大数人的财富都缩水了。

香港恒生指数和纳斯达克指数年初迄今分别累计上涨1.2%和26.0%。

中国亿万富翁中财富缩水幅度最大的是现年56岁的河北远洋运输股份有限公司(Hebei Ocean Shipping Co.,Ltd)董事长高彦明。他的财富缩水了46%，至13亿美元，排名从去年的第26名下滑至第189名。

财富缩水幅度第二大的亿万富翁是现年53岁的男装生产、销售商九牧王(Jiumuwang (China) Co. Ltd.)董事长林聪颍。他的资产缩水44%，至10亿美元，排名从去年的第82名下滑至第299名。

其他一些在零售业积累财富的人也受挫，包括休闲装公司美特斯邦威(Metersbonwe Group)的周成建、成衣公司波司登国际控股有限公司(Bosideng International Holdings Ltd., 简称：波司登)的高德康、零售商赫基国际集团(Trendy International Group)的徐宇、李珊瑚夫妇以及女鞋零售商百丽国际控股有限公司(Belle International Holdings Ltd., 简称：百丽国际)的盛百椒。他们的 值分别下滑41%、11%、7%和1%。

网上购物、经济增长放缓以及消费者更加注重个性令一些零售商的销售放缓。胡润的报告称，服装业已经连续两年表现不佳，前30名服装富豪财富缩水16%。报告称，周成建的财富在去年缩水36%后再度下跌，也是受到美特斯邦威表现不佳影响。

但一些服装业亿万富翁克服了困境，包括申洲国际(Shenzhou International)的马建荣，他排在第59名。申洲国际为优衣库(Uniqlo)、耐克(Nike)和阿迪达斯(Adidas)等客户生产针织品。

跌出前10名的三位亿万富翁也出现财富缩水：建筑设备制造商三一重工股份有限公司(Sany Heavy Industry Co., 简称：三一重工)的梁稳根去年排名第五，但今年降至第15名。他的财富缩水19%，为连续第二年下降，因三一重工旗下两家上市公司的股价持续下跌。梁稳根2011年曾是中国首富。

去年排名第八的投资控股公司龙湖地产有限公司 (Longfor Properties Co.)的吴亚军财富缩水23%，今年排名降至第22名。报告称，吴亚军与丈夫蔡葵的离婚协议使她损失了30亿美元，成为史上代价最高的离婚案。此次离婚令吴亚军跌落前10名，并使她的丈夫进入前50名。

自2008年以来一直排在前10的氧化铝生产商东方希望集团(East Hope Group)的刘永行降至第12名，他的财富缩水了15%，至60亿美元。刘永行去年排名第六，2001年排名第一。

能够使中国最富有者稍感安慰的是今年排名下滑并不一定意味着财富缩水。这是因为进入中国前1,000名最富有者榜单的竞争变得更加激烈了：竞争者资产必须至少达到3.25亿美元才能进入今年的榜单，这个门槛是记录最高水平。

去年这一门槛是2.9亿美元，低于2011年的3.2亿美元。

饮料生产商杭州娃哈哈集团有限公司(Hangzhou Wahaha Group Co.)的宗庆后现在是中国第二富有的人，地产综合企业大连万达集团股份有限公司(Dalian Wanda Group Co.)的王健林取代他成为中国首富。现年68岁的宗庆后的财富增长了48%，至187亿美元。

（编者按：文中采用的是《胡润百富榜》英文版提供的美元数据。）