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2013-2-21 21:45
Several Chinese cities have tightened controls on housing loans, in a move that could herald broader policy tightening in response to a resurgent property market.
Cities in the wealthy provinces of Zhejiang, Jiangsu and Guangdong have in recent days increased minimum borrowing requirements, or capped the size of loans available to homebuyers tapping their local housing provident funds. The new restrictions mark a policy shift from last year, when dozens of cities made housing loans more easily available in an effort to boost the flagging property sector, which is widely seen as the most important motor of Chinese growth. Property prices have started to rebound since late last year, and the shift in the provident fund rules is a sign of how officials are trying to rein in the market before it picks up too much steam. Local governments regularly use tweaks to the provident funds, which support first-time home buyers by subsidising mortgage payments, as a way of controlling the overall property market. China’s new home prices rose 1 per cent in January from a month earlier, according to a survey of 100 cities published by SouFun Holdings, one of China’s leading real estate web portals. That was the biggest gain in two years and the eighth consecutive month of increasing home prices. Transactions have also shot up. Home sales in 27 major cities increased more than sixfold during the lunar new year holiday last week compared with a year earlier, according to SouFun. Kunshan, a city in Jiangsu province just west of Shanghai, was the latest to tighten its rules on provident funds. The local government said this week that starting from next Monday, residents would need to have paid into the fund for more than a year to be allowed to apply for assistance, up from a previous minimum of six months of contributions. Earlier, Dongguan in Guangdong province and Jinhua in Zhejiang province placed lower ceilings on the amount that homebuyers can borrow from the funds. The tightening hit the share prices of property companies on Tuesday. Vanke, China’s biggest listed developer by sales, fell by more than 4 per cent. The overall framework of China’s property policies has been restrictive since 2010, when the government intervened with heavy-handed measures to prevent the market from inflating into a full-fledged bubble. Beijing raised downpayment requirements, limited funding to developers and prevented people from buying second homes in dozens of the country’s frothiest cities. While keeping those restrictions in place, local governments eased the provident fund rules last year because of concerns that the downturn was becoming too severe. The property market was also given a lift last year from a relaxation of monetary policy by the central bank, which cut interest rates twice and injected liquidity into the financial system through its open market operations. In an indication that the People’s Bank of China might also be changing gear, the central bank withdrew Rmb30bn ($4.2bn) from the money market on Tuesday through a 28-day repurchase agreement, the first time that it has directly drained liquidity in eight months. The step towards tighter property policies contrasts with a surge in credit issuance in January. With China still trying to shore up its economic recovery, many analysts believe that a more pronounced policy tightening will wait until the second half of the year. 中国数个城市收紧了房贷控制。此举可能预示着，为应对房地产市场再度升温，官方将出台范围更广的政策收紧措施。
在富裕的浙江、江苏和广东省，近日来有几个城市对利用当地住房公积金的购房者提高了借款的最低要求，或调低了贷款额上限。 这些新的限制标志着，与去年相比，政策出现了转向；去年，有数十个城市放松房贷要求，以求提振萎靡的房地产业。该行业被广泛视为推动中国经济增长的最重要引擎。 自去年末以来，中国的房价已开始反弹。公积金规定的改变是一个迹象，表明官方试图在房价出现太大涨势之前遏制住市场。地方政府经常利用对公积金的微调来控制整体楼市。公积金通过补贴按揭付款来支持首次购房者。 根据中国主要房地产门户网站之一搜房网(SouFun Holdings)发布的对全国100个城市的调查，1月份中国新建住宅价格环比上涨1%。这是两年来的最大涨幅，也是房价连续第8个月上涨。 成交量也有大幅增长。据搜房网透露，上周农历新年放假期间，27个大城市的售楼量同比增长逾5倍。 位于上海以西的江苏城市昆山是最新一个收紧公积金规定的城市。当地政府本周表示，从下周一开始，市民需要向公积金缴费一年以上，才能申请购房资助，而此前要求的最低缴费期限为6个月。 在此之前，广东东莞市和浙江金华市都调低了购房者可从公积金借款的金额上限。 这波收紧措施周二打击了房地产公司的股价。中国销售额最高的上市开发商万科集团(Vanke)股价下跌逾4%。 自2010年政府大举干预、力阻楼市形成一个大泡沫以来，中国房地产政策的总体框架是以调控为主。 中央政府调高了首付要求，限制了开发商资金来源，并在全国数十个升温较明显的城市阻止人们购买第二套房。地方政府在保持这些调控措施的同时，去年出于对房地产市场低迷变得过于严重的担忧，放松了公积金规定。 去年，中国楼市还得到央行放松货币政策的提振。中国央行两次下调利率，并通过公开市场操作向金融体系注入流动性。 表明中国央行可能也在调整政策方向的一个迹象是，周二，中国央行通过一个28天回购协议，从货币市场抽走300亿元人民币（合42亿美元）。这是该机构8个月来首次直接抽走流动性。 收紧房地产政策的步骤，与1月份信贷发放飙升形成反差。鉴于中国仍试图巩固经济复苏的势头，许多分析师相信，更大力度的政策收紧要等到今年下半年才会出台。 译者/和风 |