【英语生活】如何识别足球比赛中的假摔

And now for some breaking news: A lot of players fake injuries during soccer matches.

OK, maybe that's not so newsy-flops have been a way of life in the sport for years. But after a handful of seemingly overblown falls toward the end of Saturday's U.S. loss to Ghana, we decided to try to make some sense of them.

The most common indicator that a fall is a flop is that the player gets hit, pauses briefly and then reacts. This is called a 'temporal contiguity' error, according to Paul Morris, a psychology lecturer at England's University of Portsmouth-he says it occurs in about 29% of fake injuries.

Meanwhile, players perform the 'archer's bow' pose in 28% of flops, which is when they bend backwards and throw their arms in the air when they're hit in order to gain a referee's attention.

Dr. Morris worked with two groups of raters to watch about 400 tackles. They classified which ones included injury exaggeration and, among those, what type of exaggeration was employed (his previous injury research was published earlier this year in the Journal of Nonverbal Behavior).

One prominent example of likely flopping Saturday came late in extra time when Ghana's Samuel Inkoom fell to the ground after kicking a ball-despite not being touched by another player. He began to get up but then opted to lay on the ground and delay the game for 92 seconds-a tactic that helped preserve Ghana's lead.

Mr. Inkoom was carried off on a stretcher-although the moment he reached the sideline, he climbed off under his own power.

According to Dr. Morris, this was a 'ballistic continuity' issue-a fake-injury variation that occurs in 25% of all flops.

Reuters加纳队的因库姆在上周六的比赛中最新消息：足球比赛中许多球员假摔。

好吧，这或许不是什么新闻。多年来，假摔已经成为足球界的一种生活方式。但在周六美国队输给加纳队的比赛将要结束时出现了许多似乎过于夸张的跌倒，因此我们决定对此研究一番。

假摔最常见的标志是：球员被踢到后出现短时静止然后再做出反应。英国普利茅斯大学(University of Portsmouth)心理学讲师莫里斯(Paul Morris)称，这叫做“时间接近”错误，他说约29%的假摔属于这种错误。

假摔奥斯卡奖获奖名单揭晓

下面我们就来揭晓一下四种足球场上最常见的假摔现象：

假摔综合症	典型症状	在所有假摔中所占的比例
时间接近	发生碰撞与球员作出反应间隔的时间太长	29%
身体后仰	球员身体往后仰，高举双臂以吸引裁判的注意	28%
强度连贯	与对方球员碰撞幅度小，但却反应过激	25%
部位一致	被撞在身体一个部位，却说另外一个部位受伤	15%

来源：朴茨茅斯大学

与此同时，28%的假摔中，球员会摆出“射手之弓”的姿势，即被踢中时身体后弯、双手向空中摆动以引起裁判员的注意。

莫里斯博士与两组评级人员一同观看了约400次摔倒过程。他们总结出哪些时候球员夸大了受伤的程度以及使用了哪种夸大的方式。今年早些时候，《非语言行为》(Nonverbal Behavior)杂志刊登了他之前对球员受伤的研究。

周六美国队与加纳队的比赛中，加时赛后期，加纳队的因库姆(Samuel Inkoom)在未与其他球员发生肢体接触的情况下在踢球后摔倒在地，这很可能是一次明显的假摔。他摔倒后，一开始想站起来，但后来又选择了躺在地上，比赛因此延误92秒。这是一种有助于加纳保持领先优势的战术。

因库姆被人用担架抬出场外，但在到达球场边界时，他靠自己的力量爬下了担架。

据莫里斯说，这是个“弹道连贯”的现象，属于假摔的一种，25%的假摔中会出现这种问题。