【英语国际】奥巴马印度之行鼓励印巴和解

U.S. President Barack Obama will encourage India to press forward slowly toward a rapprochement with Pakistan, senior administration officials said, as his visit here turns to geopolitics Monday after a weekend dominated by trade deals and talk of closer commercial ties between the two nations.

In a speech before the Indian Parliament Monday, the President also will defend U.S. efforts toward peace in Afghanistan in an effort to address India's palpable concerns about U.S.-Pakistani relations and the president's intention to begin withdrawing U.S. troops from Afghanistan next July.

'It may be surprising for some of you to hear this, but the country that has the biggest stake in Pakistan's success is India,' Mr. Obama said Sunday as he met with students in Mumbai. 'If Pakistan is unstable, that's bad for India.'

A senior administration official said Mr. Obama will try to give Prime Minister Manmohan Singh some political cover for overtures he has made to Pakistan, which have stirred political opposition in India. The U.S. president will suggest the countries start with small, 'noncontroversial' steps, but he won't say what those steps should be.

The parliamentary speech will cap a three-day visit that has come at a turning point in Mr. Obama's presidency, just days after the Democrats received a drubbing in congressional midterm elections and after the U.S. economy has been slow to dramatically improve employment. On Saturday, the president said the U.S. is loosening export restrictions on India and called for India to do its part to promote greater trade between the countries by lowering barriers to foreign investment in sectors such as retail and agriculture.

'Increased commerce between the U.S. and India can be and will be a win-win proposition for both nations,' Mr. Obama said, addressing a packed gathering of U.S. and Indian business executives in Mumbai.

The move to liberalize export rules will result in Indian space and defense agencies being removed from the U.S. 'entities list,' which restricts trade with foreign organizations deemed nuclear-proliferation risks. That will make it easier for U.S. companies to export technology with both peaceful and military uses. 'We're taking the necessary steps to strengthen this relationship,' Mr. Obama said. 'India can also do its part.'

The White House drew attention Saturday to U.S. trade deals with India valued at $14.9 billion, including $9.5 billion in exported U.S. goods that the Obama administration believes will support more than 50,000 jobs.

Among the big-ticket transactions: Boeing Co. is finalizing an approximately $4.1 billion sale of C-17 military transport aircraft to India's Air Force, a deal the White House said could support 22,160 jobs at Boeing's Long Beach, Calif. production facility. In another deal, General Electric Co. is negotiating a final contract to sell India more than 100 engines for light combat aircraft, a deal valued at about $822 million.

Mr. Obama has had rocky relations with U.S. business and part of his mission here was a charm offensive with some of America's largest companies. His message of increased ties and greater market access in India was welcomed by the huge delegation of executives accompanying him.

美国总统奥巴马(Barack Obama)周末访问印度期间，主要议题是各种贸易协议和有关加强两国经贸关系的磋商。而美国政府高级官员说，到周一，随着话题转向地缘政治方面，他将鼓励印度朝着与巴基斯坦达成和解的方向缓慢而坚定地推进。

Reuters美国总统奥巴马与夫人在胡马雍陵参观周一在印度议会演讲时，奥巴马还将为美国在阿富汗实现和平的措施做辩护，以缓解印度对美国与巴基斯坦关系的明显担忧，以及对奥巴马有意于明年7月开始从阿富汗撤军的担忧。

奥巴马周日在孟买会见学生时说，你们有些人听到这一点可能会觉得意外，但与巴基斯坦成败关系最大的国家，还是印度；如果巴基斯坦不稳定，那对印度来说也不是好事。

印度总理辛格(Manmohan Singh)向巴基斯坦示好，已经在国内激起政治上的反对。美国政府一位高官说，奥巴马将在这方面为辛格提供一些政治掩护。他将建议两国从一些微小、“没有争议”的步骤开始，但他不会具体说应该采取哪些措施。

以议会演讲为结尾的三天访问，时值奥巴马总统生涯出现转折。仅数天以前，民主党在国会中期选举中遭遇惨败，而美国经济也一直未能极大地改善就业环境。奥巴马周六说美国将对印度放松出口限制，并呼吁印度也降低零售和农业等行业的外商投资限制，以促进两国加强贸易往来。

奥巴马在孟买对一大群美、印企业经理人说，美国和印度加强商贸往来，可以成为、并且将会成为两国之间的一个双赢方案。

美国针对它认为具有核扩散风险的外国机构建立了一个实施贸易限制的黑名单，美国对印度放开出口限制的措施，将使印度的空间和国防机构从这个名单上剔除。这样，美国企业向印度出口军民两用技术就会更加容易。奥巴马说，我们正在采取加强这种关系的必要步骤，印度也可以采取相应措施。

白宫周六促成与印度之间总价值149亿美元的交易，引起关注。其中美国向印度出口的有95亿美元，奥巴马政府认为这批出口将在美国国内支持5万多个就业岗位。

大单包括：波音公司(Boeing Co.)即将敲定向印度空军出售近41亿美元C-17军用运输机的合同，白宫方面说，这笔交易有望在波音位于加利福尼亚州长滩(Long Beach)的工厂支持22,160个工作岗位。另外，通用电气(General Electric Co.)正在为一份向印度出售100多台轻型战机发动机的最终合同进行谈判，这笔交易大约价值8.22亿美元。

奥巴马同美国商界的关系多有波折，而他在印度的部分任务就是笼络美国一些大公司的人心。他所传递的加强美印关系、提高印度市场准入的信息，受到了随访庞大企业代表团的欢迎。