【英语国际】安理会通过决议对伊朗发起新制裁

The United Nations Security Council passed new economic sanctions Wednesday against Iran for its nuclear work, setting up a growing confrontation between Tehran and the West.

Iranian leaders said Wednesday they were unbowed by the U.N.'s action and would push forward with their country's nuclear program. President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad dismissed any hopes for rapprochement between Iran and the U.S.

'These sanctions are like used tissues which should be thrown in the thrash,' the Iranian leader said after the vote, according to ISNA, a state-run news agency.

The Security Council resolution, the U.N.'s fourth round of sanctions against the country since 2006, calls for new curbs on conventional-weapons sales to Iran and steps up international inspections of cargoes shipped in and out of Iran. The sanctions are less severe than those initially sought by the U.S., but the White House said it will use the resolution to pursue a broader financial war against Iran in league with key allies in Europe, Asia and the Middle East.

President Barack Obama, in announcing the U.N.'s agreement, offered his most pointed attack on Iran's leadership following a year of fruitless attempts to engage it diplomatically. He justified the new sanctions on the grounds of defending human rights as much as combating a proliferation threat.

The vote 'sends an unmistakable message about the international community's commitment to stopping the spread of nuclear weapons,' Mr. Obama said at the White House. 'Whether it is threatening the nuclear non-proliferation regime, or the human rights of its own citizens, or the stability of its own neighbors by supporting terrorism, the Iranian government continues to demonstrate that its own unjust actions are a threat to justice everywhere.'

The resolution passed the 15-nation council with 12 votes in favor. Brazil and Turkey voted against and Lebanon abstained.

While previous resolutions appear to have slowed Iran's nuclear pursuit, the country has moved its program forward, building new centrifuges and enriching uranium to a 20% level. Uranium must be enriched to above 90% to produce fuel for a nuclear weapon, which the West, as well as Russia and China, fear Tehran is pursing.

Iran says it is enriching uranium for civilian use only, as permitted under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. The treaty, to which Iran is a party, also calls for inspections of Iran's nuclear facilities by the International Atomic Energy Agency, which has been unable to certify the purpose of Iran's program.

The resolution is a product of months of negotiations between the U.S., U.K. and France on the one hand, and Russia and China on the other. All are permanent Security Council members with a right to veto any resolution.

The resolution calls for international asset freezes of 40 companies that weren't included in previous sanction efforts, including 15 new IRGC-linked entities. It also added a single individual, Javad Rahiqi, 56, the head of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran's Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center, who will no longer be permitted to travel overseas.

The measure also reinforces an earlier Security Council call for nations to board ships on the high seas in search of suspected contraband items headed to or from Iran.

U.S. officials also said the language of the resolution is broad enough that Washington could press companies and countries to act against a broad range of Iranian finance, insurance and reinsurance companies for their alleged role in aiding Tehran's nuclear and missile programs.

Nations will not be allowed to license Iranian banks on their territories if they are linked to proliferation.

Iran suggested Wednesday the resolution would scuttle further diplomatic efforts on the nuclear issue. 'No amount of pressure and mischief will be able to break our nation's determination to pursue' nuclear energy, said Mohammad Khazaee, Iran's ambassador to the U.N. 'Iran has never bowed and will never bow to hostile actions' and will continue to 'defend its rights,' he said.

George Lopez, a Norte Dame University professor who studies sanctions, said the resolution's arms embargo appeared tough, but it could take six months or so to determine the overall effectiveness of the new sanctions. For the next two or three months, he said he expected harsh rhetoric from Tehran.

'I think you are going to get a lot of bluster out of this regime for a while. They are going to claim victory from the two negative and one abstention votes,' Mr. Lopez said, adding that Iran could later seek to return to negotiations. 'The tradition of the 10 years of this is that these guys do respond to pressure,' he said. 'They just never do it on our timeline.'

The resolution contains a proposal from the U.S., China, Russia, Germany and the European Union to assist Iran's civilian nuclear program, provided Iran suspends uranium enrichment. Iran would be provided technological and financial assistance and support the construction of an advanced light-water nuclear reactor.

The U.S. says its 'dual-track' approach to Iran-diplomacy and sanctions-won't end with this resolution. U.N. ambassador Susan Rice said Mr. Obama had 'personally' become involved in a diplomatic outreach to Iran, a break from eight years of the Bush administration shunning any contact with Tehran. But she said Iran had so far squandered the opportunity.

周三，联合国安全理事会(UN Security Council)通过了因伊朗核计划对其发起新制裁的决议。这将让德黑兰与西方世界的对抗日益激烈。

伊朗领导人周三说，他们不屈服于联合国的制裁，将推进本国的核计划。伊朗总统内贾德(Mahmoud Ahmadinejad)认为伊朗和美国之间不存在任何和好的希望。

European Pressphoto Agency联合国安理会常任理事国代表就制裁伊朗的决议举行投票前聚在一起。据官方媒体伊朗学生通讯社(ISNA)报道，内贾德在安理会表决过后说，这些制裁措施就像是用过的纸巾一样，应该被扔到垃圾堆里去。

安理会通过的这次决议是联合国自2006年以来对伊朗发起的第四轮制裁，它呼吁各国进一步限制向伊朗出售常规武器，并加强国际社会对进出伊朗货物的检查。这些制裁措施不及美国最初希望的严厉，但白宫方面说，它将利用这一决议，联合欧洲、亚洲和中东的重要盟友，对伊朗发起一场更广泛意义上的金融战争。

美国总统奥巴马(Barack Obama)在宣布安理会决议时，对伊朗领导层进行了他上台以来最尖锐的抨击；一年以来，奥巴马力图通过外交途径同伊朗交涉，但并未取得成果。奥巴马不仅从遏制核扩散威胁的角度来阐述新制裁措施的合理性，还以同样的强调力度从捍卫人权的角度来解释。

奥巴马在白宫说，表决结果发出明确无误的信息，表明了国际社会阻止核武器扩散的决心。他说，不管是威胁核不扩散机制、本国公民人权，还是通过支持恐怖主义威胁邻国稳定，伊朗政府仍在证明，它自己的不正义行为对每一个地方的正义而言都是一种威胁。

Agence France-Presse/Getty Images安理会15个理事国以12票赞成的表决结果通过了决议。巴西、土耳其投反对票，黎巴嫩弃权。图为巴西常驻联合国代表。安理会15个理事国以12票赞成的表决结果通过了决议。巴西、土耳其投反对票，黎巴嫩弃权。

虽然以前的决议似乎是起到了延缓作用，但伊朗的核计划毕竟已经向前推进，建立了新的离心机，把铀浓缩到了20%的水平。铀必须浓缩到90%以上的水平才能制成核武器燃料，西方世界以及俄罗斯和中国都担心伊朗正在追求这一目标。

伊朗说，对铀进行浓缩只是为了民用，而这是《核不扩散条约》(Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty)所允许的。伊朗是该条约缔约方。条约还要求由国际原子能机构(International Atomic Energy Agency)对伊朗核设施进行调查，而该机构一直未能明确伊朗核计划的目的。

决议是美、英、法一方与俄罗斯、中国一方谈判数月的结果。它们都是安理会常任理事国，对任何决议案都有否决权。

决议呼吁国际社会对40家以前制裁未涉及到的公司冻结资产，其中有15家是新列入的同伊朗革命卫队(IRGC)有关联的实体。受制裁的还有一位个人，即伊朗伊斯法罕省核技术中心(Esfahan Nuclear Technology Center)下属原子能组织(Atomic Energy Organization)56岁的负责人拉希基(Javad Rahiqi)，此人将不再被允许出国。

决议还强化了安理会早前的一个呼吁，即为了搜查运进或运出伊朗的嫌疑违禁品，各国应当对公海船只进行登船检查。

美国官员还说，决议案措辞的涉及面足够宽泛，因此华盛顿可以施压于企业界和其他国家，要求它们对伊朗许多金融、保险和再保险公司采取制裁措施，因为据称它们参与援助了德黑兰的核计划和导弹计划。

各国不可以在各自的领土内向与核扩散有关的伊朗银行发放许可。

伊朗在周三暗示，由于安理会的这个决议，各国将无法就伊朗核问题展开进一步的外交行动。伊朗常驻联合国代表哈扎伊(Mohammad Khazaee)说，任何压力与恶作剧都不能阻断我国追求核能的决心。他说，伊朗从未也决不向敌对行动低头，并将继续维护它的权利。

美国圣母大学(Notre Dame University)研究制裁的教授洛佩斯(George Lopez)说，决议中的武器禁运措施似乎是严厉的，但新制裁措施的全面效果可能要等六个月左右才能确定。他预计，接下来两三个月里德黑兰方面可能会发表措辞强烈的言论。

洛佩斯说，我认为一段时间内，这个政权将会发表大量狂言，他们会因为表决中的两张反对票和一张弃权票而欢呼胜利，但再过段时间，伊朗有可能寻求重新回到谈判桌。他说，10年以来这方面的传统是，这些人确实会对压力做出反应，他们只是从不按照我们的时间表来做出反应。

决议中包含了美国、中国、俄罗斯、德国和欧盟的一个提案，即在伊朗暂停铀浓缩的前提下对它的民用核计划提供援助。各国将对伊朗提供技术和财务援助，并为一个先进轻水核反应堆的建设提供支持。

美国方面说，它对伊朗的“双轨”方针（外交和制裁）不会止于这份决议。美国常驻联合国代表赖斯(Susan Rice)说，奥巴马曾“亲自”参与同伊朗的一次外交接触。这不同于布什政府八年来不同德黑兰进行任何接触。但赖斯说，到目前为止，伊朗浪费了这一机会。